选择正确的 碳化钨衬套 is not just about picking a size or part number.
It’s about making sure the bushing fits your equipment’s load, pressure, temperature, and medium — all while delivering maximum service life and minimal downtime.
Tungsten carbide bushings are used in pumps, compressors, turbines, and rotating equipment where mechanical stress and wear are constant challenges.
The wrong specification can lead to premature wear, shaft damage, or leakage — increasing maintenance costs and downtime.
This guide explains how to select and specify the correct tungsten carbide bushing for your system based on design, material grade, application, and operating environment.
Understand the Function of Tungsten Carbide Bushings
Before choosing a grade or geometry, it’s important to understand why tungsten carbide bushings are used.
They are designed to:
Support and align rotating shafts
Reduce friction between moving parts
Withstand high loads and pressures
Resist corrosion, wear, and deformation
Operate in fluids such as water, oil, gas, or chemicals
Because tungsten carbide combines ceramic hardness with metallic 韧性, it offers much longer life compared to bronze or stainless steel.
Step 1: Define Operating Conditions
The first step in specifying a tungsten carbide bushing is to define the operating conditions. These parameters determine the grade, binder content, and surface finish.
| 范围 | Typical Range / Value | 为什么重要 |
|---|---|---|
| Pressure | Up to 100 MPa | Determines required compressive strength |
| Temperature | -200°C to +600°C | Affects binder selection and dimensional stability |
| Fluid Medium | Water, oil, gas, chemical, slurry | Controls corrosion and erosion requirements |
| Load Type | Radial or axial | Impacts geometry and wall thickness |
| Speed | Up to 30 m/s | Defines lubrication and heat dissipation needs |
The more accurately you define these parameters, the easier it becomes to choose the correct tungsten carbide grade and design.
| 年级 | 粘合剂类型 | 硬度（HRA） | Best Suited For |
|---|---|---|---|
| YG6 | Cobalt | 91 | High wear, low shock applications (water pumps, dies) |
| YG8 | Cobalt | 89 | General-purpose industrial bushings |
| YG11 | Cobalt | 87 | Heavy-duty oil, gas, and drilling applications |
| YN6 | Nickel | 90 | Corrosive media — seawater, acids, or chemicals |
Cobalt-bonded grades (YG series): High strength, great for mechanical impact.
Nickel-bonded grades (YN series): Excellent corrosion resistance for chemical and marine systems.
Step 3: Determine Dimensional Requirements
Bushings must fit precisely into housings and onto shafts.
When specifying, confirm inner diameter (ID), outer diameter (OD), length, and tolerance level.
| 范围 | Typical Range | Tolerance Level |
|---|---|---|
| Inner Diameter (ID) | 10 mm – 300 mm | ±0.01毫米 |
| Outer Diameter (OD) | 20 mm – 500 mm | ±0.02 mm |
| 长度 | 10 mm – 300 mm | ±0.05毫米 |
For high-speed or precision applications, ground and lapped tolerances are essential to maintain alignment and reduce vibration.
Step 4: Consider the Working Medium
The fluid or gas that passes through your system has a big impact on bushing selection.
| Working Medium | Recommended Material | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Clean Water | YG6 | Economical and high hardness |
| Seawater | YN6 | Nickel binder for corrosion resistance |
| Light Oil | YG8 | Balanced toughness and hardness |
| Chemical Fluids | YN9 | Chemical stability and low reactivity |
| Slurry | YG11 | High toughness for abrasive particles |
Step 5: Verify Surface Finish and Flatness
For seals or rotating bushings, surface finish is crucial. A polished finish (Ra ≤ 0.05 µm) minimizes friction and wear.
Some high-performance bushings also include micro-pockets or grooves to retain lubrication, improving service life in low-lubrication environments.
Step 6: Specify Tolerances and Mounting Method
Bushings can be mounted in different ways depending on operating temperature and pressure:
Press fit: Common for fixed sleeves.
Shrink fit: Ideal for thermal expansion control.
Adhesive bonding: For low-temperature or non-metallic housings.
Each mounting type may affect final tolerances, so these should be specified clearly on engineering drawings.
Step 7: Confirm Testing and Quality Standards
When ordering tungsten carbide bushings, always check the supplier’s testing certifications and manufacturing standards.
Common tests include:
These ensure consistent performance across all batches.
结论
Specifying the right tungsten carbide bushing goes beyond material choice — it’s about understanding your system’s load, environment, and geometry.
A properly selected bushing offers:
更长的使用寿命
Less maintenance
Better energy efficiency
Lower lifecycle cost
By defining conditions, choosing the right grade, and confirming dimensions and surface finish.
You can make sure your tungsten carbide bushings perform reliably under any environment — from high-speed compressors to corrosive chemical pumps.
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