For OEMs and industrial companies, the quality of a tungsten carbide bushing depends heavily on the authenticity of its material.
Poor-quality or mixed-grade carbide can lead to early wear, cracking, leakage, and unexpected downtime.
This guide explains practical methods to verify whether a 碳化钨衬套 is made from true, high-grade materials.
It is written in simple English and designed for decision-makers who need clear and reliable information.
Why Material Authenticity Matters for OEMs
The performance of a tungsten carbide bushing comes mainly from the purity of 碳化钨粉 and the quality of the binder (cobalt or nickel).
If a supplier uses recycled powder, low-purity carbide, or incorrect binder ratio, the bushing will fail earlier than expected.
1). Risks of using non-authentic material
降低 硬度 and faster wear
更高 孔隙度 leading to cracks
Poor chemical resistance
减少 密度
Weak bonding between carbide particles
Shorter service life and more replacements
2). Typical Failure Impact Table
| 问题 | Cause | Effect on Equipment |
|---|---|---|
| Low hardness | Weak binder or recycled powder | Fast wear, shorter lifetime |
| High porosity | Poor sintering quality | Cracks, chipping, leakage |
| Wrong binder ratio | Uncontrolled cobalt/nickel levels | Low toughness or poor corrosion resistance |
Verify Material Through Chemical Composition Testing
Material composition determines hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. The most reliable way to confirm authenticity is chemical analysis.
1). Common chemical tests
XRF (X-ray Fluorescence): Detects tungsten carbide purity, binder type, and contamination.
ICP-OES / ICP-MS: Gives precise measurement of cobalt, nickel, iron, and other trace elements.
Carbon & oxygen analysis: Shows moisture or oxidation in carbide powder.
2). What OEMs should require
A chemical composition report for every batch
Clear grade statement (e.g., WC-6Co, WC-12Co, WC-Ni)
Zero recycled powder unless approved
Proof that powder source is stable and consistent
If a supplier cannot offer composition reports, authenticity is doubtful.
Use Density and Porosity Testing
Tungsten carbide is a high-density material. If density is too low, it means the sintering process was poor or the material is not pure.
1). 密度 testing methods
Archimedes density test (most common)
Hydrostatic weighing
Helium 孔隙度 test (advanced)
2). Typical density values
Standard WC-Co: 14.4–15.0 g/cm³
Low density = high porosity → poor wear life
3). Density Evaluation Table
| 密度（克/立方厘米） | Quality Level | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| 14.8–15.0 | 出色的 | Low porosity, correct binder ratio |
| 14.4–14.7 | Acceptable | Normal commercial level |
| Below 14.3 | 贫穷的 | High porosity or mixed materials |
Verify Authenticity Through Hardness Testing
Hardness reveals heat-treatment quality, binder ratio accuracy, and grain structure stability.
1). Hardness expectations
WC-6Co: ~1700 HV
WC-12Co: ~1500 HV
Submicron WC: 1800 HV+
If hardness deviates significantly, the material is not authentic.
2). Typical hardness tests
Vickers 硬度 (HV)
Rockwell A
OEMs should always request hardness data for every batch.
Check Microstructure With Microscopy
一个 碳化钨衬套’s microstructure can reveal whether the raw powder was pure, mixed, recycled, or sintered properly.
1). What inspectors look for
Uniform WC grains
No abnormal grain growth
Even binder distribution
No cracks, pits, or voids
No contamination particles
2). Equipment used
Optical microscope (basic check)
SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) (detailed analysis)
Microstructure provides the strongest visual proof of authenticity.
Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) for Hidden Defects
NDT methods help detect internal problems that suggest poor-quality or fake materials.
Common NDT methods
Ultrasonic testing – finds internal cracks or voids
Dye penetrant inspection – finds surface defects
Eddy current testing – detects structural differences
If a bushing has many internal defects, the material quality is probably fake or low-grade.
Evaluate Supplier Documentation and Traceability
A strong supplier provides complete documentation and full traceability.
1). Documents that prove authenticity
Material certificate (MTC)
Chemical composition report
密度 report
硬度 report
Microstructure images
NDT test results
Powder batch number and source
2). Traceability Table
| Item | Strong Supplier | Weak Supplier |
|---|---|---|
| Powder source record | Clear and traceable | Not provided |
| Chemical reports | Every batch | Sometimes missing |
| Hardness & density | Full test data | Not detailed |
结论
Verifying the authenticity of tungsten carbide bushings is essential for ensuring long service life and safe equipment operation.
OEMs should check chemical composition, density, hardness, microstructure, NDT results, and supplier documentation.
With the right verification steps, decision-makers can protect their equipment, reduce downtime, and avoid poor-quality products.
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